7, 8 Common risk factors for hepatitis C are:īlood transfusions conducted before 1992,Īccidental puncture with infected needles, Tattoos require special attention because the risk of HCV infection seems to be dependent on the size, number, and site of the tattoos. 4 - 6 Other potential routes by which the HCV may be transmitted include tattooing, the use of intranasal cocaine, body piercing, and accidental injuries with infected needles. Before 1992, when screening of blood donors for hepatitis was introduced, transfusions with blood or products derived from blood increased the risk of transmission of the HCV. The HCV is transmitted by parenteral routes, of which blood transfusion and intravenous administration of drugs are the most frequent. Six genotypes of HCV have been identified philogenetically. The virus consists of a single RNA chain surrounded by an envelope of host membrane into which glycoproteins have been inserted. Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses are members of the Flaviviridae. The virus is present in the blood of three million Americans and is most prevalent in people between 40 and 60 years of age. It is estimated that about four million Americans harbor hepatitis C antibodies. The definitive identification of the hepatitis C genome in 1989 resulted in confirmation that this virus is a worldwide health problem.(1) The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and is one of the principal indications for liver transplantation. Our journal seeks to publish articles on basic clinical care and translational research focused on preventing rather than treating the complications of end-stage liver disease. Topics covered by AoH include alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary diseases, drug-induced liver injury, genetic liver diseases, NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV). AoH publishes editorials, opinions, concise reviews, original articles, brief reports, letters to the editor, news from affiliated associations, clinical practice guidelines and summaries of congresses in the field of Hepatology. It is the official journal of the Mexican Association of Hepatology ( AMH), the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver ( ALEH), the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver ( CASL) and the Czech Society of Hepatology ( CSH). That’s why hepatitis B causes liver cirrhosis and sometimes liver cancer.Annals of Hepatology (AoH) is an international, open access journal published bi-monthly with funds from the Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. The immune system does attack not only the virus but also the liver, causing liver injury. But the clinical manifestations start once the body becomes able to counter the infection. Luckily, the body can become immune to this virus after its first contact, when anti-HB antibodies (HBsAg) are created. Once in the liver, this virus injects this DNA genome and stimulates its replication inside the cell. The genome found in the hepatitis B virus features a circular DNA molecule. If you take it to a very cold area, it survives up to 6 months at a temperature of -80 ✬. If you take it to a hot place, it can survive for 7 days at sustained temperatures of 44 ✬. This resistant virus was even found in a 400-year-old mummy child found in Korea. The Hepatitis B virus is amazingly resistant to extreme temperatures and challenging weather. It has a double shell with spheres and rods, similar to other viruses we have recently seen all over the news. Hepatitis B Virus, or HBV, is a type of hepadnavirus with a spherical virion particle of 44 nm.
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